유제분 Je Boon Yu

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 169-188, 2008

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri find in women`s caring/domestic labor a potential for producing affects, relationships, and forms of communication and cooperation in the family and in the community. Caring/domestic labor in their view is biopolitical in that it directly produces social relationship and forms of life. In this way, they contributed in deconstructing the fixed idea that women`s caring/domestic labors are confined to the private domain rather than public one. The literary representations of women`s caring/domestic labor, however, have tended to emphasize its repetitive and confining attributes to private domains and the accompanying physical and mental alienation. Doris Lessing`s "To Room Nineteen" and James Joyce`s "Eveline" are the examples. "To Room Nineteen," an indirect manifestation of Doris Lessing`s position as a Communist, criticizes the sexual distinction of domestic labor under Capitalistic ethic and describes the possible extinction of women`s subjects who internalize the capitalistic ideology of bourgeois middle class nuclear family. "Eveline," the fourth work of Joyce`s Dubliners, is another example to show the negative result of internalization of Catholic orthodox in which women are obligated to care and sacrifice specially through domestic and caring labor.

정동, 情動, 돌봄/가사노동, 정동적 노동, 소외, 여성 공간, caring/domestic Labor, affection, affective Labor, woman`s space, alienation,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

김혜리 Hae Ri Kim , 권수옥 Soo Ok Kwen

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 189-215, 2008

This study proposes using children`s literature as a means of teaching and learning English as a foreign language and suggests practical strategies on the basis of transactional theory of reading suggested by Rosenblatt (1994, 1995). This study suggests three novels written for children or young adults: On My Honor (1986) by Marion Dane Bauer, The Giver (1993) by Lois Lowry and Hatchet (1987) by Gary Paulsen. These texts were selected because of their diverse topics, easy and comprehensible language, engaging stories, and authentic and rich expressions, making them effective materials for foreign language learners. This paper is organized as follows: First, it reviews research on teaching literature in English education and response-oriented language teaching to provide theoretical background of literature-based language teaching and learning. Second, it provides the background of the texts selected for the study. Third, it develops diverse, practical strategies for instructors who intend to use children`s literature in EFL teaching. We expect to guide EFL instructors in adopting children`s literature in their English class by connecting theory and practice and by providing diverse methods and strategies, and sample responses by EFL university students.

아동문학, 영어교육, 상호교통이론, 읽기 전략, 언어기능 통합지도, Children`s Literature, English teaching, Transactional theory of reading, Reading strategies, Integrating four Language skills,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

권택영 Teck Young Kwon

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 217-234, 2008

Norman Mailer is one of the American writers who dramatize sensual pleasure in order to show how American idealism ends up being trapped and corrupted. The most remarkable cases are the tragic heroes of Scott Fitzgerald and the tough characters of Ernest Hemingway; while the former describes the victim of sensual pleasure, the latter brings the sensuality out from the darkness into `the clean and well-lighted place.` In one of his most successful experimental fiction writings called `New Journalism`, Mailer portrays the battle between the liberal left and the conservative right in the demonstration of 1967. Mailer achieves two things in this new technique. First, he demystifies the traditional epistemology grounded in the neutral and transparent narration and suggests that every narration can not escape mediation by a narrator. Secondly, he demonstrates that there is no clear distinction between good and bad. Rather, Good is nothing but a disguised form of Evil, and God is feasible only through the courageous action borrowed from Evil. In this technological world, devil is more powerful and attractive than God. This paper assumes the materiality of courage and focuses on the phenomenology of war carried out not from soul but from body, not from the consciousness but from the materiality.

노먼 메일러, 논픽션-픽션, 뉴저널리즘 소설, 몸, 현상학, 『밤의 군대들』, 도덕적 사다리, Norman Mailer, non fiction-fiction, New Journalism, body, phenomenology, The Armies of the Night,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

강신욱 Shin Wook Kang

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 235-261, 2008

Countee Cullen has never been fully understood as a poet or as a man, for there existed certain ambiguities concerning his earlier life including family background. But a short but enormously important biography written by Shirley Washington, his niece, a daughter of his youngest sister, titled Countee Cullen`s Secret Revealed by Miracle Book: A Biography of His Childhood in New Orleans, has at last come to shed some lights on his childhood which has never been disclosed by Cullen himself or anyone else. Now we can safely say that Countee Cullen was a combination of two personalities, James S. Carter, Jr. and Countee Cullen, In other words, he was a good example of a ``dichotomous personality.`` Such disclosure of two conflicting personalities gives us a rare chance to re-examine his literary works. We can now put in perspective why in his first collection of poems Color Countee Cullen was so ironic, dark, cynic, and pessimistic about the life and the world. Also, we can understand why Cullen`s response to the jazz was so complex and contradictory and in what ways he used artistic technique to conceal his own feelings. Thanks to Washington`s biography, we are now able to locate the real cause of his failure to mature as a poet and of his failure to materialize what was promised in the beginning of his literary career.

카운테이 컬른, 제임스 카터, 흑인 시, 할렘 르네상스, “이중 의식”, “기적의 책”, Countee Cullen, James Carter, African-American poetry, Harlem Renaissance, “double consciousness”, “Miracle Book”,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

이석구 Suk Koo Rhee

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 263-279, 2008

Arif Dirlik in Postmodernity`s Histories sees the issue of re-ethnicization in the case of John Huang, China`s alleged attempt at lobbying the Clinton administration. In this view, Americans with Chinese surnames were suspected by the US Justice Department to be possible spies working for Beijing. Reethnicization here seems to serve the mainstream society in reducing an ethnic minority to a group of aliens operating for their countries of origin. However, re-ethnicization is not necessarily a one-way oppressive operation; it is often made use of by the ethnic minorities in their efforts to adapt to their country of arrival. Haroon and Karim, the protagonists of Hanif Kureishi`s The Buddha of Suburbia, are cases in point. They are portrayed as winning social recognition and securing a place of their own within the hostile host society through a strategic use of re-ethnicization, that is, masquerading as `genuine Orientals`. This study brings to light possible fallacies or misguided expectations concerning the political position of first- and second-generation immigrants. One of the fallacies is found in the racist metropolis, which regards the ethnic minorities as a sort of resident aliens, no matter what immigrant generation the latter belongs to. Another fallacy is found in the kind of postcolonial criticism that automatically regards an anti-racist critique advanced by people like Kureishi as something motivated by a confrontational tactic, that is, an attempt at subverting the colonial power relations. The conclusion of this study is that Kureishi`s agenda, as presented in The Buddha of Suburbia, is neither the preservation of an ethnic identity nor the subversion of colonial power relations but survival in the metropolis. On this account Kureish`s agenda can be called a micro-politics.

하니프 쿠레이쉬, 『교외의 부처』, 아리프 덜릭, 재인종화, 생존, 마이크로정치학, 탈식민, 인종적 소수, Hanif Kureishi, The Buddha of Suburbia, Arif Dirlik, re-ethnicization, survival, micro-politics, postcolonial, ethnic minorities,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

황은주 Eun Joo Hwang

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 281-299, 2008

The main purpose of this essay is to suggest that Faulkner`s "pro"-lynching letter published in Commercial-Appeal in 1931 does not contradict his antilynching works such as "Dry September," Light in August, Go Down, Moses, and Intruder in the Dust. In the letter, Faulkner writes, "they [lynching mobs] have a way of being right." The remark has been interpreted as the expression of Faulkner`s sympathetic attitude toward lynching mobs; however, it can be also seen as Faulkner`s observation and criticism of the southern white people`s structures of feeling in his time that stubbornly justified lynching as a way to do justice to black people who did "not" deserve to be a legal subject. This essay argues that Faulkner understood that the legislation of anti-lynching law alone could not save black people from the violence of lynching as far as white people believed that black people were not their equals and that lynching was a right means to fulfill social justice. Faulkner`s fictions such as Light in August and Go Down, Moses provide moments in which white male characters feel as if they were social others, and their experiences work as an ethical urge for them to stand up for social others. This essay illuminates how Faulkner depicts the process of white male characters` identity formation as a violent break from his strong tie with black friends, how they reverse the process to blur the border again through the experiences of becoming-other, and how the experience of becoming-other has a potentiality to play the role of an ethical agency in stopping the custom of lynching in the South.

린칭, 법, 정의, 백인 남성성, 타자-되기, Lynching, Law, justice, white manhood, becoming-other,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory

강희 Hee Kang

DOI: Vol.54(No.2) 301-322, 2008

Pauline Hopkins`s Of One Blood; Or, the Hidden Self was published in the Colored American Magazine during 1902-03. As a literary experimentalist and a political protester, Hopkins uses her fiction as a medium to overcome and ameliorate the violently racialized surroundings of the turn-of-the-century America. Having been faced with racist rhetorics and theories growing on biological differences between races, Hopkins must have felt an overwhelming urgency to challenge the heritage of slavery in American history. In order to speak out her political agenda in such a milieu, she needed a new setting as well as new narrative materials for the new era. She had to move the setting from America to Africa, the ancient utopian Ethiopia; her interest in the ancient African civilization reflects both a popular African-American vision of Africa and the movement of “black nationalism” of the time. She also needed materials from nineteenthcentury sciences, the newly evolving theories of psychology and mysticism (spiritualism/mesmerism), to explore the meaning of “the hidden self” which unfolds the complex nature of Hopkin`s position on race, “blood,” and African- American racial subjectivity. Hopkins in the novel explores not the color line but the bloodline. Tracing the horrific legacy of incest in the history of slavery, she attempts to redefine the true racial identity of African-Americans in America and to reconstruct their past, both family and race history. At the very center of her major tropes in the novel- such as “of one blood,” “the hidden self,” and incest-exists female body. Black female body, though it represents the violent site of sexual body (rape and incest) in slavery, ultimately becomes a vehicle to convey and preserve the truth of racial memory/past/history for African-Americans. As a conveyor of the past, black women not just connect the past and the present but also reawaken African- Americans with the legacy of the African ``pure`` bloodline. Hopkins`s vision here necessitates the reevaluation of black women`s role in family and history, heralding the 20th-century black feminine writing. With the major tropes, Hopkins clearly suggests that the blood of (African-)Americans is unrecognizably intermixed. Although the novel ends with ambivalence and without resolution on what Africa signifies, those tropes certainly offer her a vehicle for criticizing as well as for challenging the racial reality of America.

폴린 홉킨스, 『하나의 혈통: 숨겨진 자아』, 근친상간, 과거, 기억, 역사, 흑인여성의 몸, 인종 다시쓰기, Pauline E. Hopkins, Of One Blood; Or, the Hidden Self, incest, past, memory, history, black female body, rewriting race,영미문학, 문화연구, 비교문학, 비평이론, English and American Literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, critical theory